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- Subject: GOLLUST v. MENDELL, Syllabus
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-
-
-
- NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as
- is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is
- issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but
- has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the
- reader. See United States v. Detroit Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337.
- SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
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-
- Syllabus
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- GOLLUST et al. v. MENDELL et al.
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-
- certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the second circuit
-
- No. 90-659. Argued April 15, 1991 -- Decided June 10, 1991
-
- Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 imposes strict
- liability on "beneficial owner[s]" of more than 10% of a corporation's
- listed stock, and on the corporation's officers and directors, for any
- profits realized from any purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of such
- stock occurring within a 6-month period. Such "insiders" are subject to
- suit "instituted . . . by the issuer, or by the owner of any security of
- the issuer" in the issuer's name and behalf. After respondent Mendell, an
- owner of common stock in Viacom International, Inc. (International),
- instituted a MDRV 16 (b) suit against petitioners, allegedly "beneficial
- owners" of International stock, International was acquired by a shell
- subsidiary of what is now called Viacom, Inc. (Viacom). International
- merged with the subsidiary, and became Viacom's wholly owned subsidiary and
- sole asset. Mendell received cash and stock in Viacom in exchange for his
- International stock. The District Court granted petitioners' motion for
- summary judgment on the ground that Mendell had lost standing to maintain
- the action because he no longer owned any International stock. The Court
- of Appeals reversed, holding that Mendell's continued prosecution of the
- action was not barred by the statute's language or existing case law and
- was fully consistent with the statutory objectives.
-
- Held: Mendell has satisfied the statute's standing requirements. Pp.
- 5-12.
-
- (a) Section 16(b) provides standing of signal breadth, expressly
- limited only by the conditions that the plaintiff be the "owner of [a]
- security" of the "issuer" at the time the suit is "instituted." Any
- "security" -- including stock, notes, warrants, bonds, debentures, puts,
- and calls, 15 U. S. C. MDRV 78c(a)(10) -- will suffice to confer standing.
- There is no restriction in terms of the number or percentage of shares, or
- the value of any other security, that must be held. Nor is the security
- owner required to have had an interest in the issuer at the time of the
- short-swing trading. Although the security's "issuer" does not include
- parent or subsidiary corporations, 15 U. S. C. MDRV 78c(a)(8), this
- requirement is determined at the time the MDRV 16(b) action is
- "instituted." Congress intended to adopt the common understanding of the
- word "institute" -- "inaugurate or commence; as to institute an action,"
- Black's Law Dictionary 985-986 (3d ed. 1933) -- which is confirmed by its
- use of the same word elsewhere to mean the commencement of an action, see,
- e. g., 8 U. S. C. MDRV 1503(a). Pp. 5-9.
-
- (b) A MDRV 16(b) plaintiff must, however, throughout the period of his
- participation in the litigation, maintain some financial interest in the
- liti gation's outcome, both for the sake of furthering the statute's
- remedial purposes by ensuring that enforcing parties maintain the incentive
- to litigate vigorously, and to avoid the serious constitutional question
- that would arise under Article III from a plaintiff's loss of all financial
- interest in the outcome of the litigation he had begun. But neither the
- statute nor its legislative history supports petitioners' argument that a
- plaintiff must continuously own a security of the issuer. Pp. 9-11.
-
- (c) An adequate financial stake can be maintained when the plaintiff's
- interest in the issuer has been replaced by one in the issuer's new parent
- corporation. This is no less an interest than a bondholder's financial
- stake, which, although more attenuated, satisfies the initial standing
- requirement under the statute. Pp. 11-12.
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- (d) Here, Mendell owned a security of the issuer at the time he
- instituted this MDRV 16(b) action, and he continues to maintain a financial
- interest in the litigation's outcome by virtue of his Viacom stock. P.
- 12.
-
- 909 F. 2d 724, affirmed.
-
- Souter, J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court.
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